Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Diffusion means that if we change a single bit of the plaintext, then about half of the bits in the ciphertext should change, and similarly, if we change one bit of the ciphertext, then about half of the plaintext bits should change. [5] This is equivalent to the expectation that encryption schemes exhibit an avalanche effect.
In the case of high-quality block ciphers, such a small change in either the key or the plaintext should cause a drastic change in the ciphertext. The actual term was first used by Horst Feistel, [1] although the concept dates back to at least Shannon's diffusion. The SHA-1 hash function exhibits good avalanche effect. When a single bit is ...
Every pixel from the secret image is encoded into multiple subpixels in each share image using a matrix to determine the color of the pixels. In the (2, n) case, a white pixel in the secret image is encoded using a matrix from the following set, where each row gives the subpixel pattern for one of the components:
When using a cipher the original information is known as plaintext, and the encrypted form as ciphertext. The ciphertext message contains all the information of the plaintext message, but is not in a format readable by a human or computer without the proper mechanism to decrypt it.
Ascon-Xof extendable-output function; Ascon-80pq cipher with an "increased" 160-bit key. The main components have been borrowed from other designs: [4] substitution layer utilizes a modified S-box from the χ function of Keccak; permutation layer functions are similar to the of SHA-2.
Polygraphic substitution cipher: the unit of substitution is a sequence of two or more letters rather than just one (e.g., Playfair cipher) Transposition cipher: the ciphertext is a permutation of the plaintext (e.g., rail fence cipher) Historical ciphers are not generally used as a standalone encryption technique because they are quite easy to ...
Kuznyechik – Russian 128-bit block cipher, defined in GOST R 34.12-2015 and RFC 7801. LION – block cypher built from stream cypher and hash function, by Ross Anderson; LOKI89/91 – 64-bit block ciphers; LOKI97 – 128-bit block cipher, AES candidate; Lucifer – by Tuchman et al. of IBM, early 1970s; modified by NSA/NBS and released as DES
Gimli is a 384-bit cryptographically secure pseudorandom permutation that can be used to construct a hash function or stream cipher by using it in a sponge construction. [2] One stated design goal is the ability to deliver high speeds on many different platforms from 8-bit AVR CPUs to 64-bit desktop CPUs while still maintaining high security.