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On August 16, 1917, Senator James K. Vardaman of Mississippi spoke of his fear of black veterans returning to the South, as he viewed that it would "inevitably lead to disaster." [6] To the American South, the use of black soldiers in the military was a threat, not a virtue. "Impress the negro with the fact that he is defending the flag ...
Darwan Singh Negi is carried into a hospital, by L.N.C. (restored by Adam Cuerden) Christmas truce , by A. C. Michael British recruiting poster from 1915 at German bombing of Britain, 1914–1918 , by the Publicity Department of the Central Recruiting Depot (restored by Adam Cuerden )
At age 19, answering the call for soldiers after Fort Sumter was attacked in 1861, he enlisted in the Massachusetts Infantry, "unaware of what was to come," as Ryan writes in a brief summary.
His adopted owner and handler, Private James Donovan, was seriously wounded and gassed, dying after returning to a military hospital at Fort Sheridan in Chicago. Rags was adopted by the family of Major Raymond W. Hardenbergh there in 1920, moving with them through several transfers until in Fort Hamilton , New York , he was reunited with ...
The U.S. made its major contributions in terms of supplies, raw material, and money, starting in 1917. American soldiers under General of the Armies John Pershing, Commander-in-Chief of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), arrived at the rate of 10,000 soldiers a day on the Western Front in the summer of 1918.
The post hospital had a staff of about 300 nurses who treated over 55,000 soldiers. [12] The nurses and doctors treated various cases including anthrax, pneumonia, measles, scarlet fever, mumps, and particularly the influenza virus. In the fall of 1918 the influenza epidemic reached Camp Merritt and caused devastation. [14]
The most graphic reminder of Jim Crow remaining during the war and after the soldiers returned came in the form of lynching. [53] African American soldier Wilbur Little was lynched in Georgia after returning from fighting for wearing a uniform in public and refusing to take it off. [58]
After the war ended and the soldiers returned home, tensions were very high, with serious labor union strikes involving black strikebreakers and inter-racial riots in major cities. The summer of 1919 was the Red Summer with outbreaks of racial violence killing about 1,000 people across the nation, most of whom were black. [55] [56]