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In immunology, clonal selection theory explains the functions of cells of the immune system (lymphocytes) in response to specific antigens invading the body. The concept was introduced by Australian doctor Frank Macfarlane Burnet in 1957, in an attempt to explain the great diversity of antibodies formed during initiation of the immune response .
The process of immunological B-cell maturation involves transformation from an undifferentiated B cell to one that secretes antibodies with particular specificity. [1] This differentiation and activation of the B cell occurs most rapidly after exposure to antigen by antigen-presenting cells in the reticuloendothelial system, and under modulation by T cells, and is closely intertwined with ...
B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. [1] They function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system. [1] B cells produce antibody molecules which may be either secreted or inserted into the plasma membrane where they serve as a part of B-cell receptors. [2]
Schematic diagram to explain mechanisms of clonal selection of B cell [8]. Antibodies serve various functions in protecting the host against the pathogen. Their soluble forms which carry out these functions are produced by plasma B cells, a type of white blood cell.
Because a limited number of T FH cells reside in the germinal center, only highly competitive B cells stably conjugate with T FH cells and thus receive T cell-dependent survival signals. B cell progeny that have undergone SHM, but bind antigen with lower affinity will be out-competed, and be deleted. Over several rounds of selection, the ...
Clonal expansion and monoclonal versus polyclonal proliferation. A clone is a group of identical cells that share a common ancestry, meaning they are derived from the same cell. [1] Clonality implies the state of a cell or a substance being derived from one source or the other.
Properly functioning B cell receptors recognize non-self antigen, or pathogen-associated molecular proteins . [1] Main outcomes of autoreactivity of BCRs [1] [2] Apoptosis (clonal deletion) Receptor editing: the self-reactive B cell changes specificity by rearranging genes and develops a new BCR that does not respond to self. This process gives ...
In immunology, clonal deletion is the process of removing T and B lymphocytes from the immune system repertoire. [1] [2] The process of clonal deletion helps prevent recognition and destruction of the self host cells, making it a type of negative selection. Ultimately, clonal deletion plays a role in central tolerance. [3]