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Smriti is a derivative secondary work and is considered less authoritative than Śruti in Hinduism. [20] While Śruti texts are fixed and their originals preserved better, each Smriti text exists in many versions, with many different readings. [2] In ancient and medieval Hindu tradition, Smritis were considered fluid and freely rewritten by ...
Beyond the Sruti, Hindu texts include Smritis, Shastras, Sutras, Tantras, Puranas, Itihasas, Stotras, Subhashitas and others. [8] [9] Most of these texts exist in Sanskrit, [10] [11] and Old Tamil, and also later in other Indic languages. In modern times, most have been translated into other Indian languages and some in Western languages.
The root texts of ancient Hindu jurisprudence and law are the Dharma-sūtras. These express that Shruti, Smṛti and Acara are sources of jurisprudence and law. [30] The precedence of these sources is declared in the opening verses of each of the known, surviving Dharma-sūtras. For example, [30]
The Smriti texts are a specific body of Hindu texts attributed to an author, [7] as a derivative work they are considered less authoritative than Shruti in Hinduism. [5]
Other texts such as the Bhagavad Gita or the Vedanta Sutras are considered shruti or "Vedic" by some Hindu denominations but not universally within Hinduism. The Bhakti movement , and Gaudiya Vaishnavism in particular extended the term veda to include the Sanskrit Epics and Vaishnavite devotional texts such as the Pancharatra .
The following list provides a somewhat common set of reconstructed dates for the terminus ante quem of Hindu texts, by title and genre. It is notable that Hinduism largely followed an oral tradition to pass on knowledge, for which there is no record of historical dates. All dates here given ought to be regarded as roughly approximate, subject ...
The Brahma Sutras, known as Sūtra Prasthāna (formulative texts) or Nyāya Prasthāna or Yukti Prasthāna (logical text or axiom of logic) The Upanishads consist of ten, twelve or thirteen major texts, with a total of 108 texts [ 2 ] (some scholars list ten as principal – the Mukhya Upanishads , while most consider twelve or thirteen as ...
[57] [58] The medieval era Buddhistic law of Myanmar and Thailand are also ascribed to Manu, [59] [60] and the text influenced past Hindu kingdoms in Cambodia and Indonesia. [ 61 ] The Yājñavalkya Smṛti (~ 4th to 5th-century CE) [ 55 ] has been called the "best composed" and "most homogeneous" [ 62 ] text of the Dharmaśāstra tradition ...