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Botrytis squamosa (teleomorph: Botryotinia squamosa) is a fungus that causes leaf blight on onion (often termed ‘blast’) that is distinctly characterized by the two stages – leaf spotting followed by blighting. [1] The pathogen is an ascomycete that belongs to the family Sclerotiniaceae in the order Helotiales. [2]
The Botrytis Leaf Blight pathogen survives the winter much like White Rot does, as sclerotia (a small mass of fungi capable of thriving in hostile conditions). [15] Such sclerotia is responsible for spreading the pathogen and infecting crops as it has been observed to infect leaves and bulbs of sprouted crops.
Leaf blight occurs in areas with hot and humid weather. The spores land on onion leaves, penetrate the skin, and rapidly kill the leaf. This causes a severe reduction in bulb size, as high as 50%, and can happen in less than a week. [120] Applications of foliar fungicides can be used to control leaf blight.
The anamorphs of Botryotinia are mostly included in the "imperfect fungi" genus Botrytis. The genus contains 22 species and one hybrid. The genus contains 22 species and one hybrid. Plant diseases caused by Botryotinia species appear primarily as blossom blights and fruit rots but also as leaf spots and bulb rots in the field and in stored ...
Other species of Botrytis may be present, such as B. peoniae on peonies, B. squamosa on onion, and B. tulipae on tulips. These species of Botrytis share some common characteristics in pathology and ecology. The generic name Botrytis is derived from the Greek bótrys ("cluster of", "grapes") and the Latin suffix -itis ("like"). [5]
There are seven different species of Botrytis associated with onions in storage, but the rot induced by B. allii and B. aclada causes the greatest commercial loss. The two can be distinguished microscopically; the conidia of B. allii have a maximum length of 15 μm and mean size of 10.2 × 5.7 μm, while the conidia of B. aclada have a maximum length of 12 μm and mean size of 8.6 × 4.6 μm.
Botrytis cinerea Botryotinia fuckeliana [teleomorph] Phymatotrichum root rot (cotton root rot) Phymatotrichopsis omnivora = Phymatotrichum omnivorum. Powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum. Rust Puccinia dioicae = Puccinia extensicola var. hieraciata. Septoria leaf spot Septoria lactucae. Southern blight Sclerotium rolfsii Athelia rolfsii ...
Rhizoctonia solani root rot on corn roots, magnified 0.63X. Damping off can be prevented or controlled in several different ways. Sowing seeds in a sterilized growing medium can be effective, although fungal spores may still be introduced to the medium, either on the seeds themselves or after sowing (in water or on the wind).