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A 0.43-carat (0.086 g) teardrop-shaped cornflower blue Yogo sapphire. Sapphires are a color variety of corundum, a crystalline form of aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3). [14] Corundum is one of the hardest minerals, rating 9 on the Mohs scale. [15] Corundum gems of most colors are called sapphires, except for red ones, which are called rubies. [16]
Queen Marie wearing the sapphire as a pendant at her coronation, 15 October 1922. Cartier first mentioned this 478.68 carat (95.736 g) Cornflower blue Ceylon sapphire in 1913 when it was used with seven other sapphires to make a diamond and sapphire sautoir. The design was later altered to be all diamond, save this gemstone, to make it stand out.
It is typically blue, but natural "fancy" sapphires also occur in yellow, purple, orange, and green colors; "parti sapphires" show two or more colors. The only color corundum stone that the term sapphire is not used for is red, which is called a ruby. [1] Pink colored corundum may be either classified as ruby or sapphire depending on locale.
The unnamed Kashmir sapphire is a 22.66 carat (4.532 g) gem. It is known for its former owner, railroad executive James J. Hill, who purchased it in 1886 for his wife as part of a diamond- and sapphire-adorned necklace. It was eventually split off and given to one of their children.
Sapphire is one of the two gem-varieties of corundum, the other being ruby (defined as corundum in a shade of red). Although blue is the best-known sapphire color, it occurs in other colors, including gray and black, and also can be colorless. A pinkish orange variety of sapphire is called padparadscha.
Cornflower blue is a shade of medium-to-light blue containing relatively little green. This hue was one of the favorites of the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer. [1] Cornflower blue sapphire. The most valuable blue sapphires are called cornflower blue, having a medium-dark violet-blue hue. [2]
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