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Some authors have also used the term bufotoxin to describe the conjugate of a bufagin with suberylarginine. [4] The toxic substances found in toads can be divided by chemical structure in two groups: bufadienolides, which are cardiac glycosides (e.g., bufotalin, bufogenin), are undesirable compounds that may be fatal if consumed.
The acute toxicity (LD 50) of bufotenin in rodents has been estimated at 200 to 300 mg/kg. Death occurs by respiratory arrest. [ 34 ] In April 2017, a South Korean man died after consuming bufotenin-containing toads that had been mistaken for edible Asian bullfrogs , [ 53 ] while in Dec. 2019, five Taiwanese men became ill and one man died ...
When the toad is threatened, its glands secrete a milky-white fluid known as bufotoxin. [51] Components of bufotoxin are toxic to many animals; [52] even human deaths have been recorded due to the consumption of cane toads. [31] Dogs are especially prone to be poisoned by licking or biting toads.
Negative values of the decimal logarithm of the median lethal dose LD 50 (−log 10 (LD 50)) on a linearized toxicity scale encompassing 11 orders of magnitude. Water occupies the lowest toxicity position (1) while the toxicity scale is dominated by the botulinum toxin (12). [107] The LD 50 values have a very wide range.
Toxicity. Specifically, in cats the lethal median dose is 0.13 mg/kg. ... If bufotalin is esterified with suberyl arginine, the bufotalin-like steroid bufotoxin is ...
Bufotoxin is a general term. Different animals contain significantly different substances and proportions of substances. Some, like the cane toad Rhinella marina, are more toxic than others. Some "psychoactive toads", such as the Colorado River toad Incilius alvarius, [7] have been used recreationally for the effects of their bufotoxin.
That’s the definition of toxic. Cancer’s Most Toxic Match: Aquarius. Ron Galella/Getty Images: David Hasselhoff (Cancer) and Catherine Hickland (Aquarius) divorced in 1989.
In the eastern American toad these crests almost never touch the parotoid glands, which secrete bufotoxin, a poisonous substance meant to make the toad unpalatable to potential predators. Bufotoxin is a mild poison in comparison to that of other poisonous toads and frogs, but it can irritate human eyes and mucous membranes [ 17 ] and is ...