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Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke. [3] [12] It is a type of supraventricular tachycardia. [14] Atrial fibrillation frequently results from bursts of tachycardia that originate in muscle bundles extending from the atrium to the pulmonary veins. [15]
Electrocardiography is the process of producing an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG [a]), a recording of the heart's electrical activity through repeated cardiac cycles. [4] It is an electrogram of the heart which is a graph of voltage versus time of the electrical activity of the heart [ 5 ] using electrodes placed on the skin.
P-wave changes in left and right atrial hypertrophy. Bifid P waves (known as P mitrale) indicate left-atrial abnormality - e.g. dilatation [6] or hypertrophy. [1] If at least three different shaped P waves can be seen in a given ECG lead tracing, this implies that even if one of them arises from the SA node, at least two others are arising ...
Anticoagulants: To prevent embolization.. Beta blockers: To block the effects of certain hormones on the heart to slow the heart rate.. Calcium Channel Blockers: Help slow the heart rate by blocking the number of electrical impulses that pass through the AV node into the lower heart chambers (ventricles).
Both arrhythmias have at least 3 different P-wave morphologies in a single ECG lead, but the heart rate is different. When the heart rate is lower than 100 beats per minute, the heart rhythm is considered wandering atrial pacemaker. When the heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute, the heart rhythm is considered multifocal atrial ...
Atrial tachycardia with complete A-V block and resulting junctional escape. Many conditions can cause third-degree heart block, but the most common cause is coronary ischemia. Progressive degeneration of the electrical conduction system of the heart can lead to third-degree heart block.
The presentation and symptoms a patient can present with are varied and often dependent on the underlying cause of the junctional rhythm. Patient's can be asymptomatic for example, or experience difficulty breathing and chest pain if they have underlying congestive heart failure.
When the atrial rhythm is irregular (as in atrial fibrillation or sinus arrhythmia) the presence of bigeminy depends on the length of the P–P interval and happens more frequently with a longer interval. As with post PVC pauses, a longer P–P interval leads to a higher chance of re-entrant circuits and thus PVCs.