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A 12-lead ECG showing atrial fibrillation at approximately 132 beats per minute Diagram of normal sinus rhythm as seen on ECG. In atrial fibrillation the P waves, which represent depolarization of the top of the heart, are absent. Diagnosis of atrial fibrillation is diagnosed on an electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG). The evaluation of atrial ...
Changes in the normal ECG pattern occur in numerous cardiac abnormalities, including: Cardiac rhythm disturbances, such as atrial fibrillation [6] and ventricular tachycardia; [7] Inadequate coronary artery blood flow, such as myocardial ischemia [8] and myocardial infarction; [9] and electrolyte disturbances, such as hypokalemia. [10]
P-wave changes in left and right atrial hypertrophy. Bifid P waves (known as P mitrale) indicate left-atrial abnormality - e.g. dilatation [6] or hypertrophy. [1] If at least three different shaped P waves can be seen in a given ECG lead tracing, this implies that even if one of them arises from the SA node, at least two others are arising ...
Atrial flutter was first identified as an independent medical condition in 1920 by the British physician Sir Thomas Lewis (1881–1945) and colleagues. [5] AFL is the second most common pathologic supraventricular tachycardia but occurs at a rate less than one-tenth of the most common supraventricular tachycardia (atrial fibrillation).
Various antiarrhythmic agents can be used to return the heart to normal sinus rhythm. [3] Pharmacological cardioversion is an especially good option in patients with atrial fibrillation of recent onset. Drugs that are effective at maintaining normal rhythm after electric cardioversion can also be used for pharmacological cardioversion.
All these ECG-based technologies also enable the distinction between AVNRT and other abnormal fast heart rhythms such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, sinus tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia and tachyarrhythmias related to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, all of which may have symptoms that are similar to AVNRT. [citation needed]