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Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) typically occurs in persons with preexisting kidney failure. [3]: 119 Weeks to months after allopurinol is begun, the patient develops a morbilliform eruption [3]: 119 or, less commonly, develops one of the far more serious and potentially lethal severe cutaneous adverse reactions viz., the DRESS syndrome, Stevens Johnson syndrome, or toxic epidermal ...
Allopurinol was approved for medical use in the United States in 1966. [7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [10] Allopurinol is available as a generic medication. [7] In 2022, it was the 39th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 15 million prescriptions. [11] [12]
Benzbromarone is a uricosuric agent and non-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase [1] used in the treatment of gout, especially when allopurinol, a first-line treatment, fails or produces intolerable adverse effects. It is structurally related to the antiarrhythmic amiodarone. [2]
It is generally recommended only for people who cannot take allopurinol. [8] [9] It is taken by mouth. [7] Common side effects include liver problems, nausea, joint pain, and a rash. [7] Serious side effects include an increased risk of death as compared with allopurinol, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and anaphylaxis.
Mild symptoms such as nausea, loss of appetite, dizziness, vomiting, headache, sore gums, or frequent urination are common with this medication. Life-threatening side effects such as thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, leukemia and encephalopathy are extremely rare. [4] Theoretically probenecid can increase the risk of uric acid kidney stones.
Pegloticase is useful decreasing tophi but has a high rate of side effects and many people develop resistance to it. [64] Using lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat is more beneficial for tophi resolution than lesinural 200 mL with febuxostat, with similar side effects. Lesinural plus allopurinol is not effective for tophi resolution. [81]
But some research has noted rare but serious side effects of once-weekly, 2.4-milligram (mg) semaglutide injections, such as pancreatitis, acute kidney injury, gallbladder issues, and thyroid cancer.
There are two broad categories of adverse drug reactions. Type A reactions are known side effects of a drug that are largely predictable and are called, pharmatoxicologic. [ 5 ] Whereas Type B or hypersensitivity reactions, are often immune-mediated and reproducible with repeated exposure to normal dosages of a given drug. [ 5 ]