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Electron ionization. Electron ionization (EI, formerly known as electron impact ionization [1] and electron bombardment ionization [2]) is an ionization method in which energetic electrons interact with solid or gas phase atoms or molecules to produce ions. [3] EI was one of the first ionization techniques developed for mass spectrometry. [4]
Adiabatic ionization is a form of ionization in which an electron is removed from or added to an atom or molecule in its lowest energy state to form an ion in its lowest energy state. [ 16 ] The Townsend discharge is a good example of the creation of positive ions and free electrons due to ion impact.
The ionization energy is the minimum amount of energy that an electron in a gaseous atom or ion has to absorb to come out of the influence of the attracting force of the nucleus. It is also referred to as ionization potential. The first ionization energy is the amount of energy that is required to remove the first electron from a neutral atom.
Electron binding energy; Ionization energy Electron binding energy, more commonly known as ionization energy, [3] is a measure of the energy required to free an electron from its atomic orbital or from a solid. The electron binding energy derives from the electromagnetic interaction of the electron with the nucleus and the other electrons of ...
A schematic diagram of chemical ionization source. Chemical ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry. [1] [2] This was first introduced by Burnaby Munson and Frank H. Field in 1966. [3] This technique is a branch of gaseous ion-molecule chemistry. [2]
The original ionization event in these instruments results in the formation of an "ion pair"; a positive ion and a free electron, by ion impact by the radiation on the gas molecules. The ionization chamber is the simplest of these detectors, and collects all the charges created by direct ionization within the gas through the application of an ...
In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell, or principal energy level, may be thought of as the orbit of one or more electrons around an atom's nucleus. The closest shell to the nucleus is called the "1 shell" (also called "K shell"), followed by the "2 shell" (or "L shell"), then the "3 shell" (or "M shell"), and so on further and ...
Electron capture ionization (ECI) is the ionization of a gas phase atom or molecule by attachment of an electron to create an ion of the form A −•.The reaction is + where the M over the arrow denotes that to conserve energy and momentum a third body is required (the molecularity of the reaction is three).