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  2. Polysemy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysemy

    Polysemy (/ pəˈlɪsɪmi / or / ˈpɒlɪˌsiːmi /; [1][2] from Ancient Greek πολύ- (polý-) 'many' and σῆμα (sêma) 'sign') is the capacity for a sign (e.g. a symbol, a morpheme, a word, or a phrase) to have multiple related meanings. For example, a word can have several word senses. [3] Polysemy is distinct from monosemy, where a ...

  3. Metonymy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metonymy

    Greek scholars contributed to the definition of metonymy. For example, Isocrates worked to define the difference between poetic language and non-poetic language by saying that, "Prose writers are handicapped in this regard because their discourse has to conform to the forms and terms used by the citizens and to those arguments which are precise ...

  4. Latent semantic analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_semantic_analysis

    Latent semantic analysis (LSA) is a technique in natural language processing, in particular distributional semantics, of analyzing relationships between a set of documents and the terms they contain by producing a set of concepts related to the documents and terms. LSA assumes that words that are close in meaning will occur in similar pieces of ...

  5. Componential analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Componential_analysis

    Componential analysis (feature analysis or contrast analysis) is the analysis of words through structured sets of semantic features, which are given as "present", "absent" or "indifferent with reference to feature". The method thus departs from the principle of compositionality. Componential analysis is a method typical of structural semantics ...

  6. Polysynthetic language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysynthetic_language

    In linguistics a word is defined as a unit of meaning that can stand alone in a sentence, and which can be uttered in isolation. Words may be simple, consisting of a single unit of meaning, or they can be complex, formed by combining many small units of meaning, called morphemes .

  7. Diachrony and synchrony - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diachrony_and_synchrony

    Synchrony and diachrony are two complementary viewpoints in linguistic analysis. A synchronic approach (from Ancient Greek: συν- "together" and χρόνος "time") considers a language at a moment in time without taking its history into account. Synchronic linguistics aims at describing a language at a specific point of time, often the present.

  8. Natural semantic metalanguage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_semantic_metalanguage

    Natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) is a linguistic theory that reduces lexicons down to a set of semantic primitives. It is based on the conception of Polish professor Andrzej Bogusławski. The theory was formally developed by Anna Wierzbicka at Warsaw University and later at the Australian National University in the early 1970s, [1] and Cliff ...

  9. Equivocation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivocation

    In logic, equivocation ("calling two different things by the same name") is an informal fallacy resulting from the use of a particular word or expression in multiple senses within an argument. [1][2] It is a type of ambiguity that stems from a phrase having two or more distinct meanings, not from the grammar or structure of the sentence. [1]