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The dangling else is a problem in programming of parser generators in which an optional else clause in an if–then(–else) statement can make nested conditional statements ambiguous. Formally, the reference context-free grammar of the language is ambiguous , meaning there is more than one correct parse tree .
If-then-else flow diagram A nested if–then–else flow diagram. In computer science, conditionals (that is, conditional statements, conditional expressions and conditional constructs) are programming language constructs that perform different computations or actions or return different values depending on the value of a Boolean expression, called a condition.
A language that supports the statement construct typically has rules for one or more of the following aspects: . Statement terminator – marks the end of a statement ...
Short-circuit evaluation, minimal evaluation, or McCarthy evaluation (after John McCarthy) is the semantics of some Boolean operators in some programming languages in which the second argument is executed or evaluated only if the first argument does not suffice to determine the value of the expression: when the first argument of the AND function evaluates to false, the overall value must be ...
a There is no special construct, since the while function can be used for this. a There is no special construct, but users can define general loop functions. a The C++11 standard introduced the range-based for. In the STL, there is a std::for_each template function which can iterate on STL containers and call a unary function for each element. [22]
Switch statements function somewhat similarly to the if statement used in programming languages like C/C++, C#, Visual Basic .NET, Java and exist in most high-level imperative programming languages such as Pascal, Ada, C/C++, C#, [1]: 374–375 Visual Basic .NET, Java, [2]: 157–167 and in many other types of language, using such keywords as ...
If an equation can be put into the form f(x) = x, and a solution x is an attractive fixed point of the function f, then one may begin with a point x 1 in the basin of attraction of x, and let x n+1 = f(x n) for n ≥ 1, and the sequence {x n} n ≥ 1 will converge to the solution x.
An example of such a function is the function that returns 0 for all even integers, and 1 for all odd integers. In lambda calculus , from a computational point of view, applying a fixed-point combinator to an identity function or an idempotent function typically results in non-terminating computation.