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An oratorio (Italian pronunciation: [oraˈtɔːrjo]) is a musical composition with dramatic or narrative text for choir, soloists and orchestra or other ensemble. [1]Like most operas, an oratorio includes the use of a choir, soloists, an instrumental ensemble, various distinguishable characters (e.g. soloists), and arias.
First page of the first part of Bach's Christmas Oratorio (1734) This is a chronological list of oratorios from the 16th century to the present. Unless otherwise indicated, all dates are those when the work was first performed. In some cases only the date of composition is known. In others, the oratorio has only been heard on a recording.
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Messiah is not typical Handel oratorio; there are no named characters, as are usually found in Handel’s setting of the Old Testament stories, possibly to avoid charges of blasphemy. It is a meditation rather than a drama of personalities, lyrical in method; the narration of the story is carried on by implication, and there is no dialogue.
After an initially modest public reception, the oratorio gained in popularity, eventually becoming one of the best-known and most frequently performed choral works in Western music. Handel's reputation in England, where he had lived since 1712, had been established through his compositions of Italian opera .
As addition to oratorio "Judas Maccabaeus" (HWV 63) or to Concerto a due cori in F major (HWV 334) Wind ensemble Marche in G major c. 1746–1747 Independent wind version of the oratorio, "Judas Maccabeus" march (HWV 63, no. 32a) Wind ensemble Marche lentement in C major c. 1741 Wind version of the oratorio, Samson's (HWV 57) "Dead March"
Overture (from French ouverture, lit. "opening") is a music instrumental introduction to a ballet, opera, or oratorio in the 17th century. [1] During the early Romantic era, composers such as Beethoven and Mendelssohn composed overtures which were independent, self-existing, instrumental, programmatic works that foreshadowed genres such as the symphonic poem.
The term originated in the early 17th century, simultaneously with opera and oratorio. [citation needed] [2] Prior to that, all "cultured" music was vocal.With the rise of instrumental music, the term appeared, while instrumental art became sufficiently developed to be embodied in sonatas.