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first checks whether x is less than 5, which it is, so then the {loop body} is entered, where the printf function is run and x is incremented by 1. After completing all the statements in the loop body, the condition, (x < 5), is checked again, and the loop is executed again, this process repeating until the variable x has the value 5.
The while loop below will execute the code in the loop 5 times. x is initialized to 0, and each time in the loop the value of x is incremented. The while loop is set up to stop when x is equal to 5.
For example, a loop that iterates five times (from 0 to 4 inclusive) can be written as a half-open interval from 0 to 5: for ( index = 0 ; index < 5 ; index ++ ) { /* Body of the loop */ } The loop body is executed first of all with index equal to 0; index then becomes 1, 2, 3, and finally 4 on successive iterations.
If in the 'addition' program above the second loop decrements x 0 instead of incrementing, the program computes the difference (cut off at 0) of the variables and . x 0 := x 1 LOOP x 2 DO x 0 := x 0 ∸ 1 END. Like before we can extend the LOOP syntax with the statement: x 0 := x 1 ∸ x 2
An example of a primitive recursive programming language is one that contains basic arithmetic operators (e.g. + and −, or ADD and SUBTRACT), conditionals and comparison (IF-THEN, EQUALS, LESS-THAN), and bounded loops, such as the basic for loop, where there is a known or calculable upper bound to all loops (FOR i FROM 1 TO n, with neither i ...
Do while loops check the condition after the block of code is executed. This control structure can be known as a post-test loop. This means the do-while loop is an exit-condition loop. However a while loop will test the condition before the code within the block is executed.
It is easy to see that i<=n, too, is an invariant of the loop, since i<n in line 6 can be obtained from the (modified) loop condition in line 5, and hence i<=n holds in line 11 after i has been incremented in line 10. However, when loop invariants have to be manually provided for formal program verification, such intuitively too obvious ...
I/O completion port loops run separately from the Message loop, and do not interact with the Message loop out of the box. The "heart" of most Win32 applications is the WinMain() function, which calls GetMessage() in a loop. GetMessage() blocks until a message, or "event", is received (with function PeekMessage() as a non-blocking alternative).