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Initial symptoms of drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia are typically vague and reflect mild, moderate, or severe anemia. Symptoms of DIIHA can manifest within hours to months of the initial drug exposure. [1] DIIHA ranges in severity from severe intravascular hemolysis to milder presentations of extravascular hemolysis. [7]
Drug-induced nonautoimmune hemolytic anemia can present with symptoms of anemia such as pallor, fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, increased heart rate, or fainting. It can also present with signs and symptoms of hemolysis including abdominal pain, back pain, jaundice , or dark or red urine.
Symptoms of AIHA may be due to the underlying anemia; including shortness of breath or dyspnea, fatigue, headache, muscle weakness and pallor. [10] In cold agglutinin disease (cold antibody type), agglutination and impaired passage of red blood cells through capillaries in the extremities causes acrocyanosis and Raynaud phenomenon with a rare complication of gangrene [4]
Acquired hemolytic anemia is also encountered in burns and as a result of certain infections (e.g. malaria). [15] [18] Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), sometimes referred to as Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome, is a rare, acquired, potentially life-threatening disease of the blood characterized by complement-induced intravascular ...
The most common antibody isotype involved in warm antibody AIHA is IgG, though sometimes IgA is found. The IgG antibodies attach to a red blood cell, leaving their F C portion exposed with maximal reactivity at 37 °C (versus cold antibody induced hemolytic anemia whose antibodies only bind red blood cells at low body temperatures, typically 28–31 °C).
ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn [1] Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn [1] Rhesus c hemolytic disease of the newborn [1] Rhesus E hemolytic disease of the newborn [1] Other blood group incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, Kidd, Duffy, MN, P and others) [1] Alloimmune hemolytic blood transfusion reactions (i.e., from a non-compatible blood ...
Drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia: D59.0: Drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a type of hemolytic anemia in which a mediated immune response triggers IgG and IgM antibody production in regards to the presence of high doses of penicillin via the hapten mechanism causing the reduction of red blood cells in the spleen. [34]
Symptoms may arise suddenly leading to abrupt onset of severe anemia and hemoglobinuria or develop more gradually and insidiously in the background without patient's consciousness and precaution. [4] [7] Most people with CAD have symptoms of hemolytic anemia (destruction of red blood cells, causing low levels of red blood cells). [8]
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