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Moraxella catarrhalis is a fastidious, nonmotile, Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus that can cause infections of the respiratory system, middle ear, eye, central nervous system, and joints of humans. It causes the infection of the host cell by sticking to the host cell using trimeric autotransporter adhesins.
It causes similar symptoms to Haemophilus influenzae, although it is much less virulent. Unlike Neisseria meningitidis, which is a morphological relative of M. catarrhalis, it hardly ever causes bacteremia or meningitis. Moraxella lacunata is one of the causes of blepharoconjunctivitis in human. [2]
Causes a severe form of pneumonia with a relatively high mortality rate, known as legionellosis or Legionnaires' disease. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Usually occurs in younger age groups and may be associated with neurological and systemic (e.g. rashes) symptoms. See Mycoplasma pneumonia. Atypical pneumonia can also have a fungal, protozoan, or viral ...
The most common organisms which cause lobar pneumonia are Streptococcus pneumoniae, also called pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the tubercle bacillus, may also cause lobar pneumonia if pulmonary tuberculosis is not treated promptly.
In patients with "simple" COPD, therapy should be targeted towards Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and possibly pathogens of atypical pneumonia. [7] The first-line treatment is a beta-lactam antibiotic such as amoxicillin. The choice will depend on resistance patterns. [7]
Many people think it could be a coronavirus—like SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes illness with Covid-19—or a new strain of influenza, Dr Russo said. “But it could be brand new,” he added.
Moraxella catarrhalis and Acinetobacter baumannii are human pathogens, and Moraxella bovis is the cause of "pinkeye" of cattle (infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis). [ 1 ] References
Gram-negative bacteria are seen less frequently: Haemophilus influenzae , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Bordetella pertussis, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common. These bacteria often live in the gut and enter the lungs when contents of the gut (such as vomit or faeces) are inhaled.