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Cerebral infarction, also known as an ischemic stroke, is the pathologic process that results in an area of necrotic tissue in the brain (cerebral infarct). [1] In mid to high income countries, a stroke is the main reason for disability among people and the 2nd cause of death. [2]
He also heightened recognition of stroke as an emergency condition by determining that the human brain loses 2 million nerve cells a minute during an ischemic stroke. [ 13 ] In stroke prevention, Saver co-led the US trial of devices to prevent strokes by closing patent foramen ovale, an open channel in the upper chambers of the heart. [ 14 ]
The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, or NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), is a tool used by healthcare providers to objectively quantify the impairment caused by a stroke and aid planning post-acute care disposition, though was intended to assess differences in interventions in clinical trials. The NIHSS was designed for the National ...
The most common presentation of cerebrovascular disease is an ischemic stroke or mini-stroke and sometimes a hemorrhagic stroke. [2] Hypertension (high blood pressure) is the most important contributing risk factor for stroke and cerebrovascular diseases as it can change the structure of blood vessels and result in atherosclerosis . [ 5 ]
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), also known as hemorrhagic stroke, is a sudden bleeding into the tissues of the brain (i.e. the parenchyma), into its ventricles, or into both. [3] [4] [1] An ICH is a type of bleeding within the skull and one kind of stroke (ischemic stroke being the other).
It can either be administered systemically, in the case of acute myocardial infarction, acute ischemic stroke, and most cases of acute massive pulmonary embolism, or administered through an arterial catheter directly to the site of occlusion in the case of peripheral arterial thrombi and thrombi in the proximal deep veins of the leg. [6]
Current guidelines recommend antiplatelet therapy for patients with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke. [8] [9] [10] However, it is widely believed that there is a substantial overlap between ESUS and cardioembolic stroke, clinical trials have assessed the benefit of anticoagulation versus antiplatelet agents for preventing recurrent stroke.
Acute ischemic stroke is a neurological emergency typically caused by a blood clot blocking blood flow in a vessel in the brain. [15] Chronic ischemia of the brain may result in a form of dementia called vascular dementia . [ 16 ]