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For example, in base-10 the number 1/2 has a terminating expansion (0.5) while the number 1/3 does not (0.333...). In base-2 only rationals with denominators that are powers of 2 (such as 1/2 or 3/16) are terminating. Any rational with a denominator that has a prime factor other than 2 will have an infinite binary expansion.
A floating-point variable can represent a wider range of numbers than a fixed-point variable of the same bit width at the cost of precision. A signed 32-bit integer variable has a maximum value of 2 31 − 1 = 2,147,483,647, whereas an IEEE 754 32-bit base-2 floating-point variable has a maximum value of (2 − 2 −23) × 2 127 ≈ 3.4028235 ...
The leading digit is between 0 and 9 (3 or 4 binary bits), and the rest of the significand uses the densely packed decimal (DPD) encoding. The leading 2 bits of the exponent and the leading digit (3 or 4 bits) of the significand are combined into the five bits that follow the sign bit. This is followed by a fixed-offset exponent continuation field.
Its integer part is the largest exponent shown on the output of a value in scientific notation with one leading digit in the significand before the decimal point (e.g. 1.698·10 38 is near the largest value in binary32, 9.999999·10 96 is the largest value in decimal32).
The decimal number 0.15625 10 represented in binary is 0.00101 2 (that is, 1/8 + 1/32). (Subscripts indicate the number base.) Analogous to scientific notation, where numbers are written to have a single non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point, we rewrite this number so it has a single 1 bit to the left of the "binary point". We simply ...
all 0: 0: 0: Zero. The sign bit gives the sign of the zero, which usually is meaningless. non-zero: Denormal. The value is (−1) s × m × 2 −16382 1: anything: Pseudo Denormal. The 80387 and later properly interpret this value but will not generate it. The value is (−1) s × m × 2 −16382 bits 78–64 bits 63–62 bits 61–0; all 1: 00 ...
- In contrast to the binaryxxx formats the significands of decimal datatypes are not 'normalized' (the leading digit(s) are allowed to be "0"), and thus most values with less than 7 significant digits have multiple possible representations. 1 000 000 × 10 −2 = 100 000 × 10 −1 = 10 000 × 10 0 = 1 000 × 10 1 all have the value 10 000.
A 2-bit float with 1-bit exponent and 1-bit mantissa would only have 0, 1, Inf, NaN values. If the mantissa is allowed to be 0-bit, a 1-bit float format would have a 1-bit exponent, and the only two values would be 0 and Inf. The exponent must be at least 1 bit or else it no longer makes sense as a float (it would just be a signed number).