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Mountaineering, mountain climbing, or alpinism [1] is a set of outdoor activities that involves ascending mountains. Mountaineering-related activities include traditional outdoor climbing , skiing , and traversing via ferratas that have become sports in their own right.
Alpine climbing involves small unsupported teams tackling large multi-pitch (or big wall) routes that can involve various combinations of rock climbing, ice climbing, and mixed climbing, in alpine-type mountain environments. Alpine routes are often long and require a full day of climbing or even several days.
Rock climbing can trace its origins to the late 19th-century, and has since developed into several main sub-disciplines.Single-pitch and multi-pitch (and big wall) climbing, can be performed in varying styles (including aid, sport, traditional, free solo, and top-roping), while the standalone discipline of bouldering (or boulder climbing) is by definition performed in a free solo format.
Nanga Parbat is the world's ninth highest mountain. It's known for being extremely hard to climb; named the "Killer Mountain" by the 1953 German expedition, first to successfully reach the peak. [204] [205] In addition to the large number of climbing deaths, 11 mountaineers were killed in 2013 by Taliban.
Michel Croz (1830–1865) France, mountain guide with numerous first ascents, died on the first ascent of the Matterhorn; John Cunningham (1927–1980) Scotland, pioneered new climbing techniques in ice climbing; Bronisław Czech (1908–1944) Poland, a mountain rescue pioneer in the Tatra Mountains
The concept Richard Bass and his climbing partner Frank Wells were pursuing was to be the first to stand atop the highest mountain on each continent. [6] They pursued this goal as they defined it, climbing Aconcagua for South America , Denali for North America , Kilimanjaro for Africa , Elbrus for Europe , Vinson for Antarctica , Kosciuszko for ...
A climbing route (German: Kletterrouten) is a path by which a climber reaches the top of a mountain, a rock face or an ice-covered obstacle. The details of a climbing route are recorded in a climbing guidebook and/or in an online climbing-route database.
Climbing equipment The following is a list of notable brands and manufacturers of climbing and mountaineering equipment (including for all forms of rock climbing and of ice climbing ), sorted by continent and by country.