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In standard tuning the guitar's six strings [2] are tuned (low to high) E 2 A 2 D 3 G 3 B 3 E 4. Guitar strings may be plucked individually with a pick (plectrum) or fingertip, or strummed to play chords. Plucking a string causes it to vibrate at a fundamental pitch determined by the string's length, mass, and tension.
This is an important adjustment especially when changing the gauge of the string set on the guitar. There are practical limits to this technique: too high and it could bend the posts and the strings will not seat properly into the bridge saddles; too low and the string break will rest on the rear of the bridge, killing sustain and tone.
One end is pierced for the string; the other is squared off to fit in a tuning lever socket. The middle section, which would pass through the wood, is tapered. A variety of methods are used to tune different stringed instruments. Most change the pitch produced when the string is played by adjusting the tension of the strings.
String gauge refers to the thickness and diameter of a guitar string, which influences the overall sound and pitch of the guitar depending on the guitar string used. [17] Some alternative tunings are difficult or even impossible to achieve with conventional guitars due to the sets of guitar strings, which have gauges optimized for standard tuning.
8 string classical guitar 8 string electric guitar Spain Tuning of two lowest strings varies with player and music Guitar, 9 string 9 strings 6 courses. E 3 E 2 •A 3 A 2 •D 4 D 3 •G 3 B 3 E 4: US 12-string guitar variant with doubled bases Guitar, 9 string 9 strings 6 courses. E 2 • A 2 • D 3 • G 4 G 3 •B 3 B 3 •E 4 E 4: US 12 ...
Alternative tunings necessarily change the chord shapes associated with standard tuning, which eases the playing of some, often "non-standard", chords at the cost of increasing the difficulty of some traditionally-voiced chords. As with other scordatura tuning, regular tunings may require re-stringing the guitar with different string gauges.