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Urim (אוּרִים ) traditionally has been taken to derive from a root meaning "lights"; these derivations are reflected in the Neqqudot of the Masoretic Text. [3] In consequence, Urim and Thummim has traditionally been translated as "lights and perfections" (by Theodotion, for example), or, by taking the phrase allegorically, as meaning "revelation and truth" or "doctrine and truth."
Illustration of priestly breastplate. According to the description in Exodus, this breastplate was attached to the tunic-like garment known as an ephod by gold chains/cords tied to the gold rings on the ephod's shoulder straps and by blue ribbon tied to the gold rings at the belt of the ephod. [1]
A passage in the Book of Exodus describes the Ephod as an elaborate garment worn by the high priest, and upon which the Priestly breastplate containing the Urim and Thummim rested. According to this description, the Ephod was woven out of gold , blue , purple , and scarlet threads, was made of fine linen and was embroidered with skillful work ...
The earliest source that expands the term "Urim and Thummim" outside the biblical context is a reverse association William W. Phelps made on Hosea 3:4 in July 1832, stating that the children of Israel "were even to do without the Teraphim, [Urim & Thummim, perhaps] or sacred spectacles or declarers."
The priestly robe (Hebrew: מְעִיל, romanized: məʿil), sometimes robe of the ephod (מְעִיל הָאֵפֹוד məʿil hāʾēp̄oḏ), is one of the sacred articles of clothing of the High Priest of Israel. The robe is described in Exodus 28:31-35. It was worn under the ephod. Like all the priestly garments, it was to be made by ...
A Baraita explained why they called the Thummim and Urim noted in Deuteronomy 33:8 by those names: The term Urim is like the Hebrew word for "lights," and thus they called it "Urim" because it enlightened. The term Thummim is like the Hebrew word tam meaning 'to be complete', and thus they called it "Thummim" because its predictions were ...
"Wearing the ephod": here may not refer to the ordinary priestly vestment of white linen (cf. 1 Samuel 2:18), but to the official garment worn only by a high priest, with a breast-plate of gems as well as "Urim and Thummim", used to make inquiry of the Lord. [26] [27]
The garments of the Israelite priests and high priests are described, and prescribed, in detail in Leviticus. For the high priest these include a priestly tunic, linen undergarments, sash, robe, priestly turban, ephod (with Urim and Thummim), and a priestly breastplate with 12 stones representing the twelve tribes of Israel.