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Meta elements provide information about the web page, which can be used by search engines to help categorize the page correctly. They have been the focus of a field of marketing research known as search engine optimization (SEO), where different methods are used to provide a user's website with a higher ranking on search engines.
For example, geo:long=50.123456 is a tag for the geographical longitude coordinate whose value is 50.123456. This triple structure is similar to the Resource Description Framework model for information.
A single metadata scheme may be expressed in a number of different markup or programming languages, each of which requires a different syntax. For example, Dublin Core may be expressed in plain text, HTML, XML, and RDF. [27] A common example of (guide) metacontent is the bibliographic classification, the subject, the Dewey Decimal class number ...
The markup text < title > This is a title </ title > defines the browser page title shown on browser tabs and window titles and the tag < div > defines a division of the page used for easy styling. Between < head > and </ head >, a < meta > element can be used to define webpage metadata. The Document Type Declaration <!DOCTYPE html> is for HTML5.
Qualified Dublin Core is often used with a "dot syntax", with a period separating the element and the qualifier(s). This is shown in this excerpted example provided by Chan and Hodges: [11] Title: D-Lib Magazine Title.alternative: Digital Library Magazine Identifier.ISSN: 1082-9873 Publisher: Corporation for National Research Initiatives
A good example of metadata is the cataloging system found in libraries, which records for example the author, title, subject, and location on the shelf of a resource. Another is software system knowledge extraction of software objects such as data flows, control flows, call maps, architectures, business rules, business terms, and database schemas.
In some cases, search engines covering specific regions may provide locally-specific extensions of microdata. For example, Yandex, a major search engine in Russia, supports microformats such as hCard (company contact information), hRecipe (food recipe), hReview (market reviews) and hProduct (product data) and provides its own format for definition of the terms and encyclopedic articles.
The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a method to describe and exchange graph data. It was originally designed as a data model for metadata by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). It provides a variety of syntax notations and formats, of which the most widely used is Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language).