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Cachexia (/ k ə ˈ k ɛ k s i ə / [1]) is a syndrome that happens when people have certain illnesses, causing muscle loss that cannot be fully reversed with improved nutrition. [2] It is most common in diseases like cancer, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and AIDS.
Cachexia is a major issue, especially in the elderly. [50] Cachexia can occur in most major diseases including infections, cancer, heart disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and stroke. [51] Skeletal muscle provides a fundamental basis for human function, enabling locomotion and respiration.
Certain diseases can cause a complex muscle wasting syndrome known as cachexia. It is commonly seen in cancer, congestive heart failure , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , chronic kidney disease and AIDS although it is associated with many disease processes, usually with a significant inflammatory component.
The causes listed are relatively immediate medical causes, but the ultimate cause of death might be described differently. For example, tobacco smoking often causes lung disease or cancer, and alcohol use disorder can cause liver failure or a motor vehicle accident.
Emaciation manifests physically as thin limbs, pronounced and protruding bones, sunken eyes, dry skin, thinning hair, a bloated stomach, and a dry or coated tongue in humans. Emaciation is often accompanied by halitosis , hyponatremia , hypokalemia , anemia , improper function of lymph and the lymphatic system , and pleurisy and edema .
Some cancers can cause a systemic inflammatory state that leads to ongoing muscle loss and weakness, known as cachexia. [35] Some cancers, such as Hodgkin's disease, leukemias, and liver or kidney cancers, can cause a persistent fever. [32] Shortness of breath, called dyspnea, is a common symptom of cancer
The biological and geological future of Earth can be extrapolated based on the estimated effects of several long-term influences. These include the chemistry at Earth's surface, the cooling rate of the planet's interior, gravitational interactions with other objects in the Solar System, and a steady increase in the Sun's luminosity.
The Hippocratic facies (Latin: facies Hippocratica) [1] is the change produced in the face recognisable as a medical sign known as facies and prognostic of death. It may also be seen as due to long illness , excessive defecation , or excessive hunger , when it can be differentiated from the sign of impending death.