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Modern treatment approaches to encephalitis lethargica include immunomodulating therapies, and treatments to remediate specific symptoms. [ 24 ] There is little evidence so far of a consistent effective treatment for the initial stages, though some patients given steroids have seen improvement. [ 25 ]
A drug called rituximab, a molecule that targets B cells, helps reduce the symptoms of anti-Hu encephalitis and decreases the number of anti-Hu antibodies. [19] Cancer treatment may involve surgical removal of the tumor, or medications that may shrink or eliminate the tumor.
There are currently no well-accepted treatments for the prevention or treatment of SAE symptoms, and treatment is largely symptom-based. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] In the acute phase, certain medications may aggravate symptoms and may be avoided, such as anticholinergics , antihistamines , sedatives , benzodiazepines , antipsychotics , and anticonvulsants (in ...
Encephalitis lethargica is identified by high fever, headache, delayed physical response, and lethargy. Individuals can exhibit upper body weakness, muscular pains, and tremors, though the cause of encephalitis lethargica is not currently known. From 1917 to 1928, an epidemic of encephalitis lethargica occurred worldwide. [10]
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis. It can cause paranoid and grandiose delusions, agitation, hallucinations (visual and auditory), bizarre behavior, fear, short-term memory loss, and confusion. [9] HIV encephalopathy can lead to dementia. [citation needed]
Limbic encephalitis is caused by autoimmunity: an abnormal state where the body produces antibodies against itself. Some cases are associated with cancer and some are not. [1] Although the disease is known as "limbic" encephalitis, it is seldom limited to the limbic system and post-mortem studies usually show involvement of other parts of the ...
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs), sometimes called Idiopathic (IIDDs) due to the unknown etiology of some of them, are a heterogenous group of demyelinating diseases - conditions that cause damage to myelin, the protective sheath of nerve fibers - that occur against the background of an acute or chronic inflammatory process.
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a type of brain inflammation caused by antibodies. [4] Early symptoms may include fever, headache, and feeling tired. [1] [2] This is then typically followed by psychosis which presents with false beliefs (delusions) and seeing or hearing things that others do not see or hear (hallucinations). [1]
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