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In mathematics, the total variation identifies several slightly different concepts, related to the (local or global) structure of the codomain of a function or a measure.For a real-valued continuous function f, defined on an interval [a, b] ⊂ R, its total variation on the interval of definition is a measure of the one-dimensional arclength of the curve with parametric equation x ↦ f(x ...
The total variation distance (or half the norm) arises as the optimal transportation cost, when the cost function is (,) =, that is, ‖ ‖ = (,) = {(): =, =} = [], where the expectation is taken with respect to the probability measure on the space where (,) lives, and the infimum is taken over all such with marginals and , respectively.
For example, as a consequence of the Riemann–Lebesgue lemma, the sequence μ n of measures on the interval [−1, 1] given by μ n (dx) = (1 + sin(nx))dx converges setwise to Lebesgue measure, but it does not converge in total variation. In a measure theoretical or probabilistic context setwise convergence is often referred to as strong ...
The f-divergences are probably the best-known way to measure dissimilarity of probability distributions. It has been shown [ 5 ] : sec. 2 that the only functions which are both IPMs and f -divergences are of the form c TV ( P , Q ) {\displaystyle c\,\operatorname {TV} (P,Q)} , where c ∈ [ 0 , ∞ ] {\displaystyle c\in [0,\infty ]} and TV ...
In probability theory, an -divergence is a certain type of function (‖) that measures the difference between two probability distributions and . Many common divergences, such as KL-divergence , Hellinger distance , and total variation distance , are special cases of f {\displaystyle f} -divergence.
The sum of two complex measures is a complex measure, as is the product of a complex measure by a complex number. That is to say, the set of all complex measures on a measure space (X, Σ) forms a vector space over the complex numbers. Moreover, the total variation ‖ ‖ defined as
So the total variation is ... The following formula shows how to apply the general, measure theoretic variance decomposition formula [4] ...
In mathematical analysis, a function of bounded variation, also known as BV function, is a real-valued function whose total variation is bounded (finite): the graph of a function having this property is well behaved in a precise sense.