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Beta titanium alloys have excellent formability and can be easily welded. [10] Beta titanium is nowadays largely utilized in the orthodontic field and was adopted for orthodontics use in the 1980s. [10] This type of alloy replaced stainless steel for certain uses, as stainless steel had dominated orthodontics since the 1960s.
Studies of titanium alloys used in armors began in the 1950s at the Watertown Arsenal, which later became a part of the Army Research Laboratory. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] A 1948 graduate of MIT, Stanley Abkowitz (1927-2017) was a pioneer in the titanium industry and is credited for the invention of the Ti-6Al-4V during his time at the US Army’s Watertown ...
Titanium is a common material for backpacking cookware and eating utensils. Though more expensive than traditional steel or aluminium alternatives, titanium products can be significantly lighter without compromising strength. Titanium horseshoes are preferred to steel by farriers because they are lighter and more durable. [115]
The principle is that an object made of a harder material will scratch an object made of a softer material. When testing coatings, scratch hardness refers to the force necessary to cut through the film to the substrate. The most common test is Mohs scale, which is used in mineralogy. One tool to make this measurement is the sclerometer.
Steel, stainless steels, hard cast irons, pearlitic malleable iron, titanium, titanium alloys, deep case-hardened steel, other materials harder than 100 HRB: 100: 500 D: HRD: 100: spheroconical diamond † Thin steel and medium case-hardened steel and pearlitic malleable iron: 100: 500 E: HRE: 100: 1 ⁄ 8 in (3.18 mm) ball
Archaeologists believe they may have discovered the final location of Noah’s Ark on Turkey’s Mount Ararat. Soil samples from atop the highest peaks in Turkey reveal human activity and marine ...
1095, a popular high-carbon steel for knives; it is harder but more brittle than lower-carbon steels such as 1055, 1060, 1070, and 1080. It has a carbon content of 0.90-1.03% [7] Many older pocket knives and kitchen knives were made of 1095. With a good heat treat, the high carbon 1095 and O-1 tool steels can make excellent knives.