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The Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), also called sunroot, sunchoke, wild sunflower, [3] topinambur, [3] or earth apple, is a species of sunflower native to central North America. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is cultivated widely across the temperate zone for its tuber , which is used as a root vegetable .
Native Americans domesticated the wild perennial sunflower Helianthus tuberosus by selecting individuals with larger tubers. This crop plant (now called by the misleading name Jerusalem artichoke) was grown for its tubers and not for its seed. The perennial sunflowers being developed as an oilseed crop by modern plant breeders may have tubers ...
The sunchoke (Jerusalem artichoke or Helianthus tuberosus) is related to the sunflower, another example of perennial sunflower. The Mexican sunflower is Tithonia rotundifolia. It is only very distantly related to North American sunflowers. False sunflower refers to plants of the genus Heliopsis.
Commercially important plants in the Heliantheae include sunflower and Jerusalem artichoke. Many garden flowers are also in this group, such as Coreopsis, Cosmos, Echinacea, Rudbeckia, and Zinnia. Some authors separate Coreopsis and Cosmos into the Coreopsideae tribe. [1] In contrast to the benefits brought by the group, some are problematic weeds.
Artichoke oil is extracted from the seeds of the Cynara cardunculus (cardoon). It is similar in composition to safflower and sunflower oil . The fatty acid composition of artichoke oil is: [ 1 ]
Commercially important plants in Asteraceae include the food crops Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Cichorium (chicory), Cynara scolymus (globe artichoke), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacón), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) and Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke). [43] Plants are used as herbs and in herbal teas ...
Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke), Helianthus annuus (sunflower) and Guizotia abyssinica (niger seed) are all used as oil seed crops. Artemisia dracunculus is used as a culinary herb and Parthenium argentatum (guayule) is a rubber source.
There are three primary types of plant oil, differing both the means of extracting the relevant parts of the plant, and in the nature of the resulting oil: Vegetable fats and oils were historically extracted by putting part of the plant under pressure, squeezing out the oil. Macerated oils consist of a base oil to which parts of plants are added.