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  2. Z-order curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-order_curve

    The Z-ordering can be used to efficiently build a quadtree (2D) or octree (3D) for a set of points. [4] [5] The basic idea is to sort the input set according to Z-order.Once sorted, the points can either be stored in a binary search tree and used directly, which is called a linear quadtree, [6] or they can be used to build a pointer based quadtree.

  3. Partially ordered set - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partially_ordered_set

    Partial orders. A reflexive, weak, [1] or non-strict partial order, [2] commonly referred to simply as a partial order, is a homogeneous relation ≤ on a set that is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive. That is, for all it must satisfy: Reflexivity: , i.e. every element is related to itself.

  4. Augmented map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_map

    Augmented map. In computer science, the augmented map [1] is an abstract data type (ADT) based on ordered maps, which associates each ordered map an augmented value. For an ordered map with key type , comparison function on and value type , the augmented value is defined based on two functions: a base function and a combine function , where is ...

  5. Order statistic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_statistic

    Together with rank statistics, order statistics are among the most fundamental tools in non-parametric statistics and inference. Important special cases of the order statistics are the minimum and maximum value of a sample, and (with some qualifications discussed below) the sample median and other sample quantiles.

  6. Binary search - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search

    Yes. In computer science, binary search, also known as half-interval search, [1] logarithmic search, [2] or binary chop, [3] is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array. [4][5] Binary search compares the target value to the middle element of the array. If they are not equal, the half in which the target ...

  7. Skip list - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list

    HyperLogLog. v. t. e. In computer science, a skip list (or skiplist) is a probabilistic data structure that allows average complexity for search as well as average complexity for insertion within an ordered sequence of elements. Thus it can get the best features of a sorted array (for searching) while maintaining a linked list -like structure ...

  8. Heap (data structure) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)

    Priority queue: A priority queue is an abstract concept like "a list" or "a map"; just as a list can be implemented with a linked list or an array, a priority queue can be implemented with a heap or a variety of other methods. K-way merge: A heap data structure is useful to merge many already-sorted input streams into a single sorted output ...

  9. Associative array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array

    To guarantee a fixed order of enumeration, ordered versions of the associative array are often used. There are two senses of an ordered dictionary: The order of enumeration is always deterministic for a given set of keys by sorting. This is the case for tree-based implementations, one representative being the <map> container of C++. [16]