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Plasmodium vivax is a protozoal parasite and a human pathogen.This parasite is the most frequent and widely distributed cause of recurring malaria. [2] Although it is less virulent than Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest of the five human malaria parasites, P. vivax malaria infections can lead to severe disease and death, often due to splenomegaly (a pathologically enlarged spleen).
A difference between the susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax malaria has been reported. [76] Erythrocytes expressing Fya had 41-50% lower binding of P. vivax compared with Fyb cells. Individuals with the Fy(a+b-) phenotype have a 30-80% reduced risk of clinical vivax but not falciparum malaria.
P. vivax is also known to infect orangutans [20] and the brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) [10] P. vivax has been reported from chimpanzees living in the wild. [13] It has been suggested that vivax infection of the great apes in Africa may act as a reservoir given the prevalence of Duffy antigen negative humans in this area. [21 ...
Plasmodium malariae causes a chronic infection that in some cases can last a lifetime. The P. malariae parasite has several differences between it and the other Plasmodium parasites, one being that maximum parasite counts are usually low compared to those in patients infected with P. falciparum or P. vivax. [2]
Organisms whose life cycles rely on this process include Theileria, Babesia, [4] Plasmodium, [5] and Toxoplasma gondii. Sporogony is a type of sexual and asexual reproduction. It involves karyogamy, the formation of a zygote, which is followed by meiosis and multiple fission. This results in the production of sporozoites.
Plasmodium is a eukaryote but with unusual features.. The genus Plasmodium consists of all eukaryotes in the phylum Apicomplexa that both undergo the asexual replication process of merogony inside host red blood cells and produce the crystalline pigment hemozoin as a byproduct of digesting host hemoglobin. [2]
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Diagram of Plasmodium structure. Mixotrophic protists obtain nutrients through organic and inorganic carbon compounds simultaneously. [1] All cells have a plasma membrane. In a protist, the plasma membrane is also known as the plasmalemma. Just below the plasma membrane, and in the inner fluid region, cytoplasm can be found.