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Smoking is a practice in which a substance is combusted and the resulting smoke is typically inhaled to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream of a person. Most commonly, the substance used is the dried leaves of the tobacco plant, which have been rolled with a small rectangle of paper into an elongated cylinder called a cigarette.
Aztec women are handed flowers and smoking tubes before eating at a banquet, Florentine Codex, 16th century. Smoking's history dates back to as early as 5000–3000 BC, when the agricultural product began to be cultivated in Mesoamerica and South America; consumption later evolved into burning the plant substance either by accident or with intent of exploring other means of consumption. [1]
Rates of smoking continue to rise in developing countries, but have leveled off or declined in developed countries. [99] Smoking rates in the United States have dropped by half from 1965 to 2006, falling from 42% to 20.8% in adults. [100] In the developing world, tobacco consumption is rising by 3.4% per year. [101]
Gentlemen Smoking and Playing Backgammon in a Tavern by Dirck Hals, 1627. A Frenchman named Jean Nicot (from whose name the word nicotine derives) introduced tobacco to France in 1560 from Portugal. From there, it spread to England. The first report of a smoking Englishman is of a sailor in Bristol in 1556, seen "emitting smoke from his ...
The health effects of tobacco had been debated by users, medical experts, and governments alike since its introduction to European culture. [1] Hard evidence for the ill effects of smoking became apparent with the results of several long-term studies conducted in the early to middle twentieth century, such as the epidemiology studies of Richard Doll and pathology studies of Oscar Auerbach.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 7 January 2025. Circumstances, mechanisms, and factors of tobacco consumption on human health "Health effects of smoking" and "Dangers of smoking" redirect here. For cannabis, see Effects of cannabis. For smoking crack cocaine, see Crack cocaine § Health issues. "Smoking and health" redirects here. For ...
Smoking has become less popular, but is still a large public health problem globally. [192] [193] [194] Worldwide, smoking rates fell from 41% in 1980 to 31% in 2012, although the actual number of smokers increased because of population growth. [195] In 2017, 5.4 trillion cigarettes were produced globally, and were smoked by almost 1 billion ...
Realisation dawned gradually that the health effects of smoking and tobacco use were susceptible only to a multi-pronged policy response which combined positive health messages with medical assistance to cease tobacco use and effective marketing restrictions, as initially indicated in a 1962 overview by the British Royal College of Physicians ...