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All compression-ignition engines (e.g. diesel engines), and many spark-ignition engines (i.e. petrol (gasoline) engines, such as Otto or Wankel), use fuel injection of one kind or another. Mass-produced diesel engines for passenger cars (such as the Mercedes-Benz OM 138 ) became available in the late 1930s and early 1940s, being the first fuel ...
Engines with manifold injection, and an electronic engine control unit are often referred to as engines with electronic fuel injection (EFI). Typically, EFI engines have an engine map built into discrete electronic components, such as read-only memory. This is both more reliable and more precise than a three-dimensional cam.
The Bendix Electrojector is an electronically controlled manifold injection (EFI) system developed and made by Bendix Corporation. In 1957, American Motors (AMC) offered the Electrojector as an option in some of their cars; Chrysler followed in 1958. However, it proved to be an unreliable system that was soon replaced by conventional carburetors.
Four-stroke cycle used in gasoline/petrol engines: intake (1), compression (2), power (3), and exhaust (4). The right blue side is the intake port and the left brown side is the exhaust port. The cylinder wall is a thin sleeve surrounding the piston head which creates a space for the combustion of fuel and the genesis of mechanical energy.
In the system, air flow into the engine is measured by a moving vane (indicating engine load) known as the volume air flow sensor (VAF) — referred to in German documentation as the LuftMengenMesser or LMM. L-Jetronic used custom-designed integrated circuits, resulting in a simpler and more reliable engine control unit (ECU) than the D ...
The mechanical fly-weight governors of inline and distributor diesel fuel injection pumps used to control fuel delivery in diesel engines under a variety of engine loads and conditions could no longer deal with the ever-increasing demands for efficiency, emission control, power and fuel consumption. These demands are now primarily fulfilled by ...
Most petrol engines were carbureted, sucking the fuel/air mixture into the engine, while the diesel only sucked in air and the fuel was directly injected at high pressure into the cylinder. In the conventional four-stroke petrol engine the spark plug commences to ignite the mixture in the cylinder at up to forty degrees before top dead centre ...
The first person to build a working four-stroke engine, a stationary engine using a coal gas-air mixture for fuel (a gas engine), was German engineer Nicolaus Otto. [4] This is why the four-stroke principle today is commonly known as the Otto cycle and four-stroke engines using spark plugs often are called Otto engines.