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Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic medication of the class Ib type. [7] This means it works by blocking sodium channels thus decreasing the rate of contractions of the heart. [10] [7] When injected near nerves, the nerves cannot conduct signals to or from the brain. [8] Lidocaine was discovered in 1946 and went on sale in 1948. [11]
Class Ib drugs tend to be more specific for voltage gated Na channels than Ia. Lidocaine in particular is highly frequency dependent, in that it has more activity with increasing heart rates. This is because lidocaine selectively blocks Na channels in their open and inactive states and has little binding capability in the resting state.
[3] [4] Use is not recommended in those with structural heart disease or ischemic heart disease. [1] Flecainide is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent. [1] It works by decreasing the entry of sodium in heart cells, causing prolongation of the cardiac action potential. [1] Flecainide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1985. [1]
Heart disease is a type of cardiovascular disease that affects the heart’s structure and function. Several different heart conditions fall under the umbrella term for heart disease.
Class of antihypertensives that work by causing relaxation of blood vessels as well as a decrease in blood volume, which leads to lower blood pressure and decreased oxygen demand from the heart. [1] Benazepril; Captopril; Enalapril; Fosinopril; Lisinopril; Moexipril; Perindopril; Quinapril; Ramipril; Trandolapril
It’s “very common,” says Suzanne Steinbaum, MD, attending cardiologist, a fellow of the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association, and expert for the American Heart ...
(The re-entrant rhythm is less likely to interact with tissue that has become refractory). The class III agents exhibit reverse-use dependence (their potency increases with slower heart rates, and therefore improves maintenance of sinus rhythm). Inhibiting potassium channels results in slowed atrial-ventricular myocyte repolarization.
The GI cocktail generally contains a mixture of viscous lidocaine, an antacid, and an anticholinergic. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The GI cocktail is commonly prescribed in the hospital or emergency department, and has been used to help distinguish chest pain as either gastrointestinal or cardiac. [ 1 ]