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  2. Mantle plume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_plume

    A mantle plume is a proposed mechanism of convection within the Earth's mantle, hypothesized to explain anomalous volcanism. [2] Because the plume head partially melts on reaching shallow depths, a plume is often invoked as the cause of volcanic hotspots, such as Hawaii or Iceland, and large igneous provinces such as the Deccan and Siberian Traps.

  3. Iceland hotspot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland_hotspot

    There is an ongoing discussion about whether the hotspot is caused by a deep mantle plume or originates at a much shallower depth. [3] Recently, seismic tomography studies have found seismic wave speed anomalies under Iceland, consistent with a hot conduit 100 km (62 mi) across that extends to the lower mantle.

  4. Large low-shear-velocity provinces - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_low-shear-velocity...

    The resulting motion forms small clusters of small plumes right above the core-mantle boundary that combine to form larger plumes and then contribute to superplumes. The Pacific and African LLSVP, in this scenario, are originally created by a discharge of heat from the core (4000 K) to the much colder mantle (2000 K); the recycled lithosphere ...

  5. Hotspot (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)

    That mantle plumes are much more complex than originally hypothesised and move independently of each other and plates is now used to explain such observations. [ 8 ] In 2020, Wei et al. used seismic tomography to detect the oceanic plateau, formed about 100 million years ago by the hypothesized mantle plume head of the Hawaii-Emperor seamount ...

  6. Flood basalt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_basalt

    This is widely believed to have been supplied by a mantle plume impinging on the base of the Earth's lithosphere, its rigid outermost shell. [29] [30] [15] The plume consists of unusually hot mantle rock of the asthenosphere, the ductile layer just below the lithosphere, that creeps upwards from deeper in the Earth's interior. [31]

  7. Society hotspot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_hotspot

    Magnetotelluric imaging has found higher conductivity in the upper mantle under the active area southeast of Tahiti consistent with anomalously hot rising material. [9] [10] There are two competing versions of the mantle plume model. One version posits a narrow, discreet plume feeding only the Society hotspot.

  8. New England hotspot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_hotspot

    Evidence for a plume origin includes the above age progression, seismic anomalies in the lower mantle under the Great Meteor Seamount (though these do not extend into the upper mantle as expected for a plume), [5] [6] and helium isotope ratios in groundwater in the Monteregian Hills which indicate a deep mantle source. [7]

  9. Volcanic plume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_plume

    Volcanic plume or volcanic plume may refer to: Eruption plume , a column of hot volcanic ash and gas emitted into the atmosphere during an explosive volcanic eruption Mantle plume , an upwelling of abnormally hot rock within the Earth's mantle, which can cause volcanic hotspots