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  2. Investment (macroeconomics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investment_(macroeconomics)

    Investment is often modeled as a function of interest rates, given by the relation I = I (r), with the interest rate negatively affecting investment because it is the cost of acquiring funds with which to purchase investment goods, and with income positively affecting investment because higher income signals greater opportunities to sell the ...

  3. Induced demand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_demand

    In economics, induced demand – related to latent demand and generated demand [1] – is the phenomenon whereby an increase in supply results in a decline in price and an increase in consumption. In other words, as a good or service becomes more readily available and mass produced, its price goes down and consumers are more likely to buy it ...

  4. Crowding-in effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowding-in_effect

    In a situation of deflation, real interest rates may be high, inhibiting investment. Using targeted public spending to create inflationary pressure, real interest rates may be reduced, stimulating private sector investment. Government spending may also induce private sector investment via the multiplier effect. This is the ratio of change in ...

  5. Crowding out (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowding_out_(economics)

    This is the investment that is crowded out. The weakening of fixed investment and other interest-sensitive expenditure counteracts to varying extents the expansionary effect of government deficits. More importantly, a fall in fixed investment by business can hurt long-term economic growth of the supply side, i.e., the growth of potential output ...

  6. Investment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investment

    Investment is traditionally defined as the "commitment of resources to achieve later benefits". If an investment involves money, then it can be defined as a ...

  7. Capital accumulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_accumulation

    Capital accumulation is the dynamic that motivates the pursuit of profit, involving the investment of money or any financial asset with the goal of increasing the initial monetary value of said asset as a financial return whether in the form of profit, rent, interest, royalties or capital gains.

  8. Hold-up problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hold-up_problem

    In that way, the (transaction) costs associated with contractually induced hold-ups are saved and also the costs associated with the number of contracts written and executed. Hold-up problems are created from the existence of firm-specific investments, but also from the set of long-term contracts that are used in the presence of the certain ...

  9. Induced consumption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_consumption

    Induced consumption is the portion of consumption that varies with disposable income. [1] When a change in disposable income “induces” a change in consumption on goods and services, then that changed consumption is called “induced consumption”. In contrast, expenditures for autonomous consumption do not vary with income.