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Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (/ ˌ æ n dʒ i ə ˈ s p ər m iː /). [5] [6] The term 'angiosperm' is derived from the Greek words ἀγγεῖον / angeion ('container, vessel') and σπέρμα / sperma ('seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed within a fruit.
The fossil history of flowering plants records the development of flowers and other distinctive structures of the angiosperms, now the dominant group of plants on land.The history is controversial as flowering plants appear in great diversity in the Cretaceous, with scanty and debatable records before that, creating a puzzle for evolutionary biologists that Charles Darwin named an "abominable ...
Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, spread during this period, although they did not become predominant until near the end of the period (Campanian age). [18] Their evolution was aided by the appearance of bees; in fact angiosperms and insects are a good example of coevolution.
Flower of Liriodendron tulipifera, a Mesangiosperm. Mesangiospermae is a clade that contains the majority of flowering plants (angiosperms). Mesangiosperms are therefore known as the core angiosperms, in contrast to the three orders of earlier-diverging species known as the basal angiosperms: Nymphaeales (including water lilies), Austrobaileyales (including star anise), and Amborellales.
A fruit results from the fertilizing and maturing of one or more flowers. The gynoecium, which contains the stigma-style-ovary system, is centered in the flower-head, and it forms all or part of the fruit. [9] Inside the ovary(ies) are one or more ovules.
The earliest fossil holly fruit is known from the Maastrichtian of central Europe. [22] Based on the molecular clock , the common ancestor of most of the extant species probably appeared during the Eocene , about 50 million years ago, suggesting that older representatives of the genus belong to now extinct branches. [ 23 ]
Phoenix dactylifera, commonly known as the date palm, [2] is a flowering-plant species in the palm family Arecaceae, cultivated for its edible sweet fruit called dates.The species is widely cultivated across northern Africa, the Middle East, the Horn of Africa, Australia, South Asia, and California. [3]
Magnolia is a large genus of about 210 to 340 [a] flowering plant species in the subfamily Magnolioideae of the family Magnoliaceae.The natural range of Magnolia species is disjunct, with a main center in east, south and southeast Asia and a secondary center in eastern North America, Central America, the West Indies, and some species in South America.