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Article 3 prohibits the expulsion of nationals and provides for the right of an individual to enter a country of their nationality. Article 4 prohibits the collective expulsion of foreigners. [61] Turkey and the United Kingdom have signed but never ratified Protocol 4. Greece and Switzerland have neither signed nor ratified this protocol. [62]
The ECJ rules on EU law while the ECtHR rules on the ECHR, which covers the 46 member states of the Council of Europe. Cases cannot be brought in the ECtHR against EU institutions (as the EU is not a member in its own right), but the ECtHR has ruled that states that are members of both organisations cannot escape their human rights obligations ...
Between 2007 and 2017, the number of cases dealt with each year was relatively constant (between 1,280 and 1,550); two-thirds of cases were repetitive and most concerned a few countries: Turkey (2,401), Russia (2,110), Romania (1,341), and Poland (1,272). Repetitive cases indicate a pattern of human rights violations in a given country.
The Federal Republic became a full member in 1951. The Saar acceded to the Federal Republic in 1957, and the states of the former East Germany became part of the Federal Republic upon reunification in 1990. East Germany had never been a member of the Council. Austria: Vienna: 16 April 1956 Cyprus: Nicosia: 24 May 1961 Switzerland: Bern: 6 May ...
The European Social Charter is a Council of Europe treaty which was opened for signature on 18 October 1961 and initially became effective on 26 February 1965, after West Germany had become the fifth of the 13 signing nations to ratify it. By 1991, 20 nations had ratified it.
[22] [23] Germany is a transit and destination country for persons, primarily women, trafficked mainly from Central and Eastern Europe and from Africa for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Russia alone accounted for one-quarter of the 1,235 identified victims reported in 2003, the latest year for which statistics are available.
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) European Social Charter (ESC), and Revised Social Charter; Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM)
Signed in 1949. [39] Ratified June 9, 1955. [40] Protocols I–II not ratified Uruguay: 1969 1985 1985 2012 1990 Uzbekistan: 1993 1993 1993 — — Vanuatu: 1982 1985 1985 — — Venezuela: 1956 1998 1998 — — Vietnam: 1957 1981 — — — Conventions I–IV ratified as the North Vietnam. [4]