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On images of the brain, this sequence has a more pronounced distinction between grey matter (bright) and white matter (darker grey), but with little contrast between brain and CSF. [36] It is very useful for the detection of arthropathy and injury.
For gray matter, this quantity is usually referred to as gray matter density (GMD) or gray matter concentration (GMC), or gray matter probability (GMP). In order to correct for the volume changes due to the registration, the gray matter volume (GMV) in the original brain can be calculated by multiplying the GMD with the Jacobian determinants of ...
White matter is composed of bundles, which connect various grey matter areas (the locations of nerve cell bodies) of the brain to each other, and carry nerve impulses between neurons. Myelin acts as an insulator, which allows electrical signals to jump , rather than coursing through the axon, increasing the speed of transmission of all nerve ...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to generate pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to form images of the organs in the body.
The first study of the human brain at 3.0 T was published in 1994, [13] and in 1998 at 8 T. [14] Studies of the human brain have been performed at 9.4 T (2006) [15] and up to 10.5 T (2019). [16] Paul Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield were awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning MRI.
The VBM analysis showed global gray matter was decreased linearly with age, especially for men, whereas global white matter did not decline with age. A key description of the methodology of voxel-based morphometry is Voxel-Based Morphometry—The Methods [ 9 ] —one of the most cited articles in the journal NeuroImage . [ 10 ]
Grey matter contains most of the brain's neuronal cell bodies. [6] The grey matter includes regions of the brain involved in muscle control, and sensory perception such as seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision-making, and self-control. The grey matter in the spinal cord is split into three grey columns:
Structural magnetic resonance imaging (structural MRI) of a head, from top to base of the skull. The first chapter of the history of neuroimaging traces back to the Italian neuroscientist Angelo Mosso who invented the 'human circulation balance', which could non-invasively measure the redistribution of blood during emotional and intellectual activity.