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The battle was the largest single battle of the revolution and became a national symbol of Indonesian resistance. [2] Considered a heroic effort by Indonesians, the battle helped galvanise Indonesian and international support for Indonesian independence. 10 November is celebrated annually as Heroes' Day (Hari Pahlawan).
[1] [2] The country's strategic sea-lane position fostered inter-island and international trade; trade has since fundamentally shaped Indonesian history. The area of Indonesia is populated by peoples of various migrations, creating a diversity of cultures, ethnicities, and languages. The archipelago's landforms and climate significantly ...
Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia (1975a) 30 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka: Jilid 2 (1950–1964) (30 Years of Indonesian Independence: Volume 2 (1950–1964)) Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia (1975b) 30 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka: Jilid 3 (1965–1973) (30 Years of Indonesian Independence: Volume 3 (1965–1973)) Simanjuntak, P. N. H. (2003).
In 1953, two of the first native Indonesian archaeologists graduated, one of them was R. Soekmono, who subsequently succeeded Bernet Kemper as the chief of Djawatan Poerbakala Repoeblik Indonesia. Later, the national archaeological institution changed to Lembaga Poerbakala dan Peninggalan Nasional (Institute of Archaeology and National Heritage ...
Indonesia is the world's largest producer of palm oil [188] Morowali Industrial Park hosting primarily nickel-related industries in Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi. Indonesia is the world's largest producer of nickel [189] Indonesia operates a mixed economy where both the private sector and the government play significant roles. [190]
Indonesia: Republic of South Maluku: Indonesian government victory Moluccas incorporated by Indonesia; Operation Trikora (1961–1962) Indonesia Netherlands Netherlands New Guinea; Indonesian government victory Military stalemate [1] Western New Guinea ceded to the United Nations then to Indonesia [2] [3] Cross border attacks in Sabah (1962 ...
10 10 killed and 48-100 injured in a grenade attack on President Sukarno [4] [5] Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66: 1965 October – 1966 March Throughout Indonesia: 500,000–1,000,000+ Massacre of the members of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and alleged communist sympathizers in revenge for the 30 September Movement. East Timor ...
The presence of foreign Muslims in Indonesia does not, however, demonstrate a significant level of local conversion or the establishment of local Islamic states. [8]: 3 The most reliable evidence of the early spread of Islam in Indonesia comes from inscriptions on tombstones and a limited number of travellers’ accounts. The earliest legibly ...