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Traditionally, the first surname is the father's first surname, and the second is the mother's first surname. Since 1999, the order of the surnames in a family in Spain is decided when registering the first child, but the traditional order is nearly universally chosen (99.53% of the time). [2] [b]
Today, according to the Código Civil (Civil Code), a person's name is composed by the given name or names and the surname or surnames (first and second). [3] The order of the surnames in a family is decided when registering the first common child, by agreement of their parents, and every sibling must bear the same surnames. [3]
It is standard practice to adhere to this convention in English. However, when someone is commonly known by a Chinese name with given–surname order (e.g. Wen Ho Lee), this form should be used, and relevant redirects created from the surname–given ordering.
However, in formal Russian name order, the surname comes first, followed by the given name and patronymic, such as "Raskolnikov Rodion Romanovich". [9] In many families, single or multiple middle names are simply alternative names, names honoring an ancestor or relative, or, for married women, sometimes their maiden names. In some traditions ...
The patronymic custom in most of the Horn of Africa gives children the father's first name as their surname. The family then gives the child its first name. Middle names are unknown. So, for example, a person's name might be Bereket Mekonen . In this case, Bereket is the first name and Mekonen is the surname, and also the first name of the father.
In English and other languages like Spanish—although the usual order of names is "first middle last"—for the purpose of cataloging in libraries and in citing the names of authors in scholarly papers, the order is changed to "last, first middle," with the last and first names separated by a comma, and items are alphabetized by the last name.
If a family did not exercise an option to change the order of the names in their surname, the law defaulted to the father's surname as the first. [60] Also in Spain, a 1995 reform in the law allows the parents to choose whether the father's or the mother's surname goes first, although this order must be the same for all their children.
People used to take the (first) surname of their fathers, followed by the (first) surname of their mothers (i.e., their maternal grandfathers's surname). In Spain (since 2000) and Chile (since 2022), [ 2 ] parents can choose the order of the last names of their children, with the provision that all children from the same couple need to have ...