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  2. Flatness (cosmology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatness_(cosmology)

    The geometry of spacetime has been measured by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) to be nearly flat. According to the WMAP 5-year results and analysis, “WMAP determined that the universe is flat, from which it follows that the mean energy density in the universe is equal to the critical density (within a 1% margin of error).

  3. Shape of the universe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

    The density parameter is the average density of the universe divided by the critical energy density, that is, the mass energy needed for a universe to be flat. Put another way, If Ω = 1, the universe is flat. If Ω > 1, there is positive curvature. If Ω < 1, there is negative curvature.

  4. Flatness problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatness_problem

    The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the relative density Ω is less than, equal to or greater than 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with greater than critical density (Ω>1, k>0); a hyperbolic, underdense universe (Ω<1, k<0); and a flat universe with exactly the critical density (Ω=1, k=0).

  5. Lambda-CDM model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model

    The fraction of the total energy density of our (flat or almost flat) universe that is dark energy, , is estimated to be 0.669 ± 0.038 based on the 2018 Dark Energy Survey results using Type Ia supernovae [7] or 0.6847 ± 0.0073 based on the 2018 release of Planck satellite data, or more than 68.3% (2018 estimate) of the mass–energy density ...

  6. Physical cosmology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_cosmology

    Physical cosmology is a branch of cosmology concerned with the study of cosmological models. A cosmological model, or simply cosmology, provides a description of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the universe and allows study of fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate. [1]

  7. Friedmann equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedmann_equations

    This term originally was used as a means to determine the spatial geometry of the universe, where ρ c is the critical density for which the spatial geometry is flat (or Euclidean). Assuming a zero vacuum energy density, if Ω is larger than unity, the space sections of the universe are closed; the universe will eventually stop expanding, then ...

  8. Scientists Have Determined How to Travel Back in Time ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/scientists-determined...

    Scientists claim they've calculated a potential new method of time travel involving a theoretical object called a “ring wormhole." Here are the details.

  9. Static universe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_universe

    In cosmology, a static universe (also referred to as stationary, infinite, static infinite or static eternal) is a cosmological model in which the universe is both spatially and temporally infinite, and space is neither expanding nor contracting. Such a universe does not have so-called spatial curvature; that is to say that it is 'flat' or ...