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This formula uses the small end diameter of a log (D) (in inches) along with the log length (L) (in feet) to estimate the volume of a log. The Doyle log rule on average under estimates the volume of a log. See formula below: Doyle: Bd.Ft = () Combining the Doyle log rule along with the Mesavage-Girard Form-Class, and Girard Upper-Log Taper ...
The log scaler is subject to random "check scales" in which another scaler rescales exactly the same logs and the results are compared. The log scaler must be within + or - 1% of the gross scale and + or - 2% of the net scale to keep their certification to scale. The scale is used for payment, quality control and inventory purposes.
Scaling is the ratio of an organ pipe's diameter to its length. The scaling of a pipe is a major influence on its timbre. Reed pipes are scaled according to different formulas than for flue pipes. In general, the larger the diameter of a given pipe at a given pitch, the fuller and more fundamental the sound becomes.
With the distance known, the diameter of the tree measured expressed as units of the reticle scale, and an optical scaling factor for the monocular w/reticle, provided by the diameter of the tree at that point can be calculated: diameter = (reticle scale) × (distance to target) ÷ (optical factor)
A Biltmore scale inscribed on an axe. Diameter at breast height (DBH) is measured by holding the stick a fixed distance, usually 25 inches (64 cm), from the eye, and at breast height, which in the United States is 4.5 feet (1.4 m) up the bole of the tree. The left side of the stick is flush with the left side of the tree.
Size ranges define limits of classes that are given names in the Wentworth scale (or Udden–Wentworth scale named after geologists Chester K. Wentworth and Johan A. Udden) used in the United States. The Krumbein phi (φ) scale, a modification of the Wentworth scale created by W. C. Krumbein [1] in 1934, is a logarithmic scale computed by the ...
Such a scaling changes the diameter of an object by a factor between the scale factors, the area by a factor between the smallest and the largest product of two scale factors, and the volume by the product of all three. The scaling is uniform if and only if the scaling factors are equal (v x = v y = v z). If all except one of the scale factors ...
D 50: Mass-median-diameter (MMD). The log-normal distribution mass median diameter. The MMD is considered to be the average particle diameter by mass. σ g: Geometric standard deviation. This value is determined mathematically by the equation: σ g = D 84.13 /D 50 = D 50 /D 15.87. The value of σ g determines the slope of the least-squares ...