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Childhood dementia is an umbrella group of rare, mostly untreatable neurodegenerative disorders that show symptoms before the age of 18. These conditions cause progressive deterioration of the brain and the loss of previously acquired skills such as talking, walking, and playing.
There is overlap in the genetic risk factors for DLB, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and Parkinson's disease dementia. [ 87 ] [ 93 ] The APOE gene has three common variants. One, APOE ε4, is a risk factor for DLB and Alzheimer's disease, whereas APOE ε2 may be protective against both.
The genetic and environmental risk factors for dementia disorders vary by ethnicity. [ 273 ] [ 274 ] For instance, Alzheimer's disease among Hispanic/Latino and African American subjects exhibit lower risks associated with gene changes in the apolipoprotein E gene than do non-Hispanic white subjects.
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an early onset disorder that mostly occurs between the ages of 45 and 65, [13] but can begin earlier, and in 20–25% of cases onset is later. [ 11 ] [ 14 ] Men and women appear to be equally affected. [ 15 ]
FTDP-17 is frequently confused with Pick's disease, sporadic progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), or corticobasal degeneration (CBD) in the absence of a positive family history or molecular genetic data. Other familial frontotemporal dementias, Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA) should be ruled out. [2]
“The risk score was constructed using around 250,000 individual genetic variants which have been associated with Alzheimer’s disease, which is the most common form of dementia,” Shannon ...