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In second-language acquisition, the acculturation model is a theory proposed by John Schumann to describe the acquisition process of a second language (L2) by members of ethnic minorities [1] that typically include immigrants, migrant workers, or the children of such groups. [2]
One prominent explanation for the negative health behaviors and outcomes (e.g. substance use, low birth weight) associated with the acculturation process is the acculturative stress theory. [40] Acculturative stress refers to the stress response of immigrants in response to their experiences of acculturation.
Amado M. Padilla (born October 19, 1942) is an educator known for his research on academic resiliency, acculturation and related stress, second language learning and bilingualism. [1] Padilla is Professor of Psychological Studies in Education [ 2 ] and Associate Dean at the Stanford Graduate School of Education .
The 1990s were characterized by two major areas of research focus: linguistic theories of SLA based on Noam Chomsky’s Universal Grammar and psychological approaches such as skill acquisition theory and connectionism. This era also saw the development of new frameworks, including Processability Theory and Input Processing Theory. Furthermore ...
Cultural fusion theory (CFT) describes the process that people, typically immigrants, undergo when they come in contact with a new environment and culture. CFT provides an account that differs from more prominent theories of cultural adaptation, which propose models in which immigrants gradually adapt to a new culture while leaving their old culture behind.
The acculturation gap in language can cause conflict between members of an immigrant family. The parents use their native language more so than the primary language of their new environment. [ 3 ] The child, depending on the age of the child during immigration, is more likely to assume the local primary language as their own.
The work on acculturation shows the role of culture in producing and reproducing emotions, even beyond their initial socialization. [13] It has also led to a cultural psychological theory of acculturation, in which ‘deep’ psychological processes, such as emotions, change upon contact with another culture. [ 14 ]
Finally, Norton's theory of social identity is an attempt to codify the relationship between power, identity, and language acquisition. [54] A unique approach to SLA is sociocultural theory. It was originally developed by Lev Vygotsky and his followers. [55] Central to Vygotsky's theory is the concept of a zone of proximal development (ZPD).