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Composite image of five galaxies clustered together just 600 million years after the Universe's birth [1]. A galaxy cluster, or a cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity, [1] with typical masses ranging from 10 14 to 10 15 solar masses.
The spread of velocities for the individual galaxies is about 150 km/s. However, this definition should be used as a guide only, as larger and more massive galaxy systems are sometimes classified as galaxy groups. [4] Groups are the most common structures of galaxies in the universe, comprising at least 50% of the galaxies in the local universe.
In the Milky Way galaxy, globular clusters are distributed roughly spherically in the galactic halo, around the Galactic Center, orbiting the center in highly elliptical orbits. In 1917, the astronomer Harlow Shapley made the first respectable estimate of the Sun's distance from the Galactic Center, based on the distribution of globular clusters.
The BCG of this cluster was also the most distant galaxy of the time. [51] [53] Gemini Cluster 1932 − 1936 0.075 23 000 The BCG of this cluster was the most distant galaxy at the time. [53] [54] WH Christie's Leo Cluster 1931–1932 19 700 The BCG of this cluster was the most distant galaxy known at the time. [51] [54] [55] [56] [57]
Astronomers are stumped as to how this happened, because there must be a specific alignment between the galactic cluster and the more distant star to cause the magnification at a point in time.
Four of the seven members of galaxy group HCG 16 [1]. A galaxy group [2] or group of galaxies [3] (GrG [4]) is an aggregation of galaxies comprising about 50 or fewer gravitationally bound members, each at least as luminous as the Milky Way (about 10 10 times the luminosity of the Sun); collections of galaxies larger than groups that are first-order clustering are called galaxy clusters. [5]
SMACS J0723.3–7327, commonly referred to as SMACS 0723, is a galaxy cluster about 4 billion light years from Earth, [2] within the southern constellation of Volans (RA/Dec = 110.8375, −73.4391667).
An open cluster is a type of star cluster made of tens to a few thousand stars that were formed from the same giant molecular cloud and have roughly the same age. More than 1,100 open clusters have been discovered within the Milky Way galaxy, and many more are thought to exist. [1]