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Solving Maxwell's equations for the electric and magnetic fields for a localized oscillating source, such as an antenna, surrounded by a homogeneous material (typically vacuum or air), yields fields that, far away, decay in proportion to / where r is the distance from the source.
Proximity and skin effect significantly complicate the design of efficient transformers and inductors operating at high frequencies, used for example in switched-mode power supplies. In radio frequency tuned circuits used in radio equipment, proximity and skin effect losses in the inductor reduce the Q factor , broadening the bandwidth .
In neuroscience, current source density analysis is the practice of placing a microelectrode in proximity to a nerve or a nerve cell to detect current sourcing from, or sinking into, its plasma membrane.
A proximity sensor (often simply prox) is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. A proximity sensor often emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of electromagnetic radiation ( infrared , for instance), and looks for changes in the field or return signal .
From left to right: a field with a source, a field with a sink, a field without either. In the physical sciences, engineering and mathematics, sources and sinks is an analogy used to describe properties of vector fields. It generalizes the idea of fluid sources and sinks (like the faucet and drain of a bathtub) across different scientific ...
A photoelectric sensor is a device used to determine the distance, absence, or presence of an object by using a light transmitter, often infrared, and a photoelectric receiver. They are largely used in industrial manufacturing. There are three different useful types: opposed (through-beam), retro-reflective, and proximity-sensing (diffused).
Proximity effect (audio), an increase in bass or low frequency response when a sound source is close to a microphone; Proximity Effect, a comic book series written by Scott Tucker and Aron Coleite; Proximity effect (electromagnetism), magnetically induced current distortions resulting in increased effective resistance of a conductor
The proximity effect in electron beam lithography (EBL) is the phenomenon that the exposure dose distribution, and hence the developed pattern, is wider than the scanned pattern due to the interactions of the primary beam electrons with the resist and substrate. These cause the resist outside the scanned pattern to receive a non-zero dose.