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Today, Choctaw people are enrolled in four federally recognized tribes: the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, Jena Band of Choctaw Indians in Louisiana, and the Yowani Choctaws enrolled under the confederacy of the Caddo Nation. [4] Choctaw descendants are also members of state-recognized tribes. [5] [6] [7] [8]
A Choctaw family in traditional clothing, 1908. The historic Choctaw had emerged as a tribe and occupied substantial territory in what is now the State of Mississippi. [1] In the early 19th century, they faced increasing pressure from European Americans who sought to acquire their land for agricultural development.
The Choctaw name Ponchatoula means "flowing hair", arrived at by the Choctaw as a way of expressing the beauty of the location with much moss hanging from the trees. "Ponche" is a Choctaw word meaning location, an object, or a person . See the eponymous Ponchatoula Creek.
The Jena Band of Choctaw Indians are related to the federally recognized Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. Both bands descend from Choctaws that remained behind in Mississippi when the Choctaw Nation was removed to Indian Territory in the 1830s after signing the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek. Between 1870 and 1880, ancestors of the Jena ...
Bashi – from the Choctaw phrase bachaya, meaning "line" or "row". Bogue Chitto – from the Choctaw phrase book chito, meaning "big creek". [16] Boligee – from the Choctaw phrase boolitusha, meaning "to strike and cut into pieces". [17] Cahaba – from the Choctaw phrase oka-uba, meaning "water from above". [18] Shared with the Cahaba River.
Hatchie River – related to the common root word for "river" in Muscogean languages, such as Choctaw hvcha or hacha and Creek hvtce; however, the river is located within traditional Chickasaw homeland of North Mississippi, and the modern Chickasaw word for river is abookoshi’, suggesting that either the name is a more recent appellation or ...
The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma (Choctaw: Chahta Okla) is a Native American reservation [5] occupying portions of southeastern Oklahoma in the United States. [6] At roughly 6,952,960 acres (28,138 km 2; 10,864 sq mi), it is the second-largest reservation in area after the Navajo, exceeding that of the seven smallest U.S. states.
Painting of Eagle Dance, Choctaw – 1861/1869 by George Caitlin The eagle dance was one of many Choctaw ceremonies; it occurred annually [citation needed] to honour the war eagle. Choctaw clans and kinship promoted a society where the division of labour between men and women was equal and complementary. [10]
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