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Vaccinium / v æ k ˈ s ɪ n i ə m / [3] is a common and widespread genus of shrubs or dwarf shrubs in the heath family (Ericaceae). The fruits of many species are eaten by humans and some are of commercial importance, including the cranberry, blueberry, bilberry (whortleberry), lingonberry (cowberry), and huckleberry.
The fruit is a berry 5–16 mm (3 ⁄ 16 – 5 ⁄ 8 in) in diameter with a flared crown at the end; they are pale greenish at first, then reddish-purple, and finally uniformly blue when ripe. [5] They are covered in a protective coating of powdery epicuticular wax , colloquially known as the "bloom". [ 3 ]
Diagram of a grape berry, showing the pericarp and its layers Coffee cherries (Coffea arabica) – described as drupes or berries. In botanical language, a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and fleshy pulp (the pericarp) produced from the ovary of a single flower.
M. Marionberry; Mitchella repens; Morisonia speciosa; Morus (plant) Morus indica; Morus mongolica; Black mulberry; Pakistan mulberry; Myrcia ascendens; Myrcia attenuata
The fruits of some "currants" (Ribes species), such as blackcurrants, red currants and white currants, are botanical berries, and are treated as horticultural berries (or as soft fruit in the UK), even though their most commonly used names do not include the word "berry". Botanical berries not commonly known as berries include bananas, [18] [19 ...
The berry has been used in West Africa for a long time. It is a part of the diet of the Yoruba people. [7] Outsiders began learning this fruit since at least the 18th century, when a European explorer, the Chevalier des Marchais, provided an account of its use there.
Dry fruits also develop from the ovary, but unlike the fleshy fruits they do not depend on the mesocarp but the endocarp for seed dispersal. [3] Dry fruits depend more on physical forces, like wind and water. Dry fruits' seeds can also perform pod shattering, which involve the seed being ejected from the seed coat by shattering it.
The fruit is a thick-skinned berry and typically measures 3–4 centimetres (1.2–1.6 in) in diameter. The fruit resembles a slip-skin grape. It has a thick, purple, astringent skin that encases a sweet, white or rosy pink gelatinous flesh. Embedded within the flesh are one to four large seeds, which vary in shape depending on the species. [18]