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The deamination of an alanine molecule produces the free radical CH 3 C • HCO 2 −. Deamination can be induced in solid or aqueous alanine by radiation that causes homolytic cleavage of the carbon–nitrogen bond. [28] This property of alanine is used in dosimetric measurements in radiotherapy.
The Cahill cycle, also known as the alanine cycle or glucose-alanine cycle, [1] is the series of reactions in which amino groups and carbons from muscle are transported to the liver. [2] It is quite similar to the Cori cycle in the cycling of nutrients between skeletal muscle and the liver. [ 1 ]
Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule. [1] Enzymes that catalyse this reaction are called deaminases. In the human body, deamination takes place primarily in the liver; however, it can also occur in the kidney. In situations of excess protein intake, deamination is used to break down amino acids for energy.
Transamination is a chemical reaction that transfers an amino group to a ketoacid to form new amino acids.This pathway is responsible for the deamination of most amino acids. This is one of the major degradation pathways which convert essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids (amino acids that can be synthesized de novo by the organism).
Alanine is produced by the transamination of one molecule of pyruvate using two alternate steps: 1) conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate using a glutamate-alanine transaminase, and 2) conversion of valine to α-ketoisovalerate via Transaminase C. Not much is known about the regulation of alanine synthesis.
Deamidation reaction of Asn-Gly (top right) to Asp-Gly (at left) or iso(Asp)-Gly (in green at bottom right) Deamidation is a chemical reaction in which an amide functional group in the side chain of the amino acids asparagine or glutamine is removed or converted to another functional group.
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase is specific for L-phenylalanine, and to a lesser extent, L-tyrosine. [9] [10] The reaction catalyzed by PAL is a spontaneous elimination reaction rather than an oxidative deamination.
General mechanism in the Stickland fermentation Stickland fermentation exempflified with D-alanine and glycine. Stickland fermentation or The Stickland Reaction [1] is the name for a chemical reaction that involves the coupled oxidation and reduction of amino acids to organic acids.