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Trypanosoma of both the rhodesiense and gambiense types can affect other animals such as cattle and wild animals. [1] African trypanosomiasis has generally been considered an anthroponotic disease and thus its control program was mainly focused on stopping the transmission by treating human cases and eliminating the vector.
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is the second type of protozoan which usually results in more chronic disease patterns. [15] Its main reservoir is the cattle populations. Although it is also fatal, death can take months or years to occur. [17] Geographical separation of these two variants of trypanosomes occurs along the Rift Valley.
Benznidazole and nifurtimox often cause side effects, including skin disorders, digestive system irritation, and neurological symptoms, which can result in treatment being discontinued. [ 2 ] [ 8 ] New drugs for Chagas disease are under development, [ 9 ] and while experimental vaccines have been studied in animal models, [ 10 ] [ 11 ] a human ...
Fexinidazole is a medication used to treat African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. [3] It is effective against both first and second stage disease. [3] Also a potential new treatment for Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease that affects millions of people worldwide. [4] It is taken by mouth. [5]
Suramin is used for treatment of human sleeping sickness caused by trypanosomes. [1] Specifically, it is used for treatment of first-stage African trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense without involvement of central nervous system.
Acoziborole (SCYX-7158) is an antiprotozoal drug invented by Anacor Pharmaceuticals in 2009, [1] and now under development by the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative for the treatment of African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). It is a structurally novel drug described as a benzoxaborole derivative, and is a one-day, one-dose oral ...
A treatment regimen known as nifurtimox-eflornithine combination treatment (NECT) is used in second stage gambiense African trypanosomiasis throughout Africa where the disease is endemic. [4] The regimen involves slow infusion of 400 mg of eflornithine every 12 hours for 7 days combined with 15 mg/kg of nifurtimox orally three times a day for ...
Melarsoprol is an arsenic-containing medication used for the treatment of sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis). [1] It is specifically used for second-stage disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense when the central nervous system is involved. [1] For Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, eflornithine or fexinidazole is usually preferred. [1]